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Brisbane is the capital city of the state of Queensland, Australia. The city's name is pronounced "BRIZ-buhn" (SAMPA: ["brIzb@n], IPA: [ˈbɹɪzbən]). The City of Brisbane has around 940,000 inhabitants, while the surrounding metropolitan area population is around 1.7 million.
Brisbane is situated in the southeast corner of Queensland at latitude 27°28′S, longitude 153°02′E. The city straddles the Brisbane River, and its eastern suburbs line the shores of Moreton Bay. The greater Brisbane region lies on the coastal plain, east of the Great Dividing Range.
Brisbane has a subtropical climate with warm, mild winters and hot, bright summers. Brisbane is subject to humidity, mainly at the start of each calendar year.
Some of its climatic averages:
Some of its historical extremes:
The city is named after Sir Thomas Brisbane (1773–1860), British soldier and colonial administrator born in Ayrshire, Scotland. However before British colonisation, Brisbane was known as 'Meeaan-jin' by the Turrbul tribe. In 1823, the explorer John Oxley discovered the Brisbane River and in 1824, the first convict colony was established at Redcliffe Point. Only one year later, the colony was moved south from Redcliffe to North Quay on the Brisbane River, which is now part of Brisbane's CBD. In 1842, the area was opened for free settlement, while the convict colony was closed. By 1869 almost all of the Turrbul people had died. The few remaining survivors escaped the region with the help of the settler, Tom Petrie. When Queensland separated from New South Wales in 1859 and became a colony by itself, Brisbane was declared the capital, but it was not until 1902 that Brisbane was officially declared a city. In 1924, the City of Brisbane Act was passed, giving Brisbane a local government, which took up its work in 1925. During World War II, US troops were stationed in the city, and it became the headquarters for General Douglas MacArthur, the Allied Commander of the South-West Pacific region.
Brisbane has been inundated by three severe floods of the Brisbane River — in 1864, 1893 and 1974.
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This city is also known as: Brisbane.
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