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Chiang Mai (in Thai เชียงใหม่), also sometimes referred to as "Chiengmai", is the second-largest city in Thailand, and the largest and most culturally significant city in northern Thailand. It lies some 800km north of Bangkok, among some of the highest mountains in the country. The city stands on the Ping river, a major tributary of the Chao Phraya river. Chiang Mai also serves as the capital of the Chiang Mai province.
Chiang Mai has become an increasingly modern city, although it lacks the cosmopolitan gloss of Bangkok. It has many attractions for the thousands of foreign visitors who come to the city each year. Chiang Mai's historic strength derived from its important strategic location on the ancient Silk Road, and long before the recent influx of foreign visitors the city served as an important centre for handcrafted goods, umbrellas, jewellery (particularly silver) and woodcarving.
Chiang Mai's population is estimated at about 250,000. Much higher figures sometimes appear, but these may arise from confusion with Chiang Mai Province. The city is nevertheless growing rapidly, and its actual population probably exceeds the official estimate.
King Mengrai founded the city of Chiang Mai in 1296 and it succeeded Chiang Rai as capital of the Lannathai kingdom. Lannathai constructed a moat and a wall around the city to protect it against raids from Burma. After the decline of the Lannathai kingdom the city lost importance, and often sufferred occupation by either the Burmese or by the Thais from Ayutthaya. After the fall of Ayutthaya in April 1767 the city emerged so much depopulated due to the wars that its citizens deserted it for fifteen years (1776 - 1791). Lampang functioned as the capital of the Lannathai for that time.
Chiang Mai formally became part of Siam only in 1774 when King Taksin captured the city from the Burmese. After this date Chiang Mai rose in both cultural, trading and economic terms to gradually adopt its current status as the capital of the north of Thailand, second only in national importance to Bangkok.
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This city is also known as: Chiang Mai.
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