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Graz [graːts] (Slovenian: Gradec), with a population of 305.000 (council census 2000) is the second-largest city in Austria, capital of the province of Styria (Steiermark in German). It has a long tradition of being a student city, with 4 Universities and 2 Universities of Applied Sciences with over 50.000 students. During the brief Lutheran phase of Graz, in 1540 Eggenberg founded the Paradies or Lutheran school, in which Johannes Kepler later taught.
The city is situated on the Mur river, in the southeast of Austria. Archduke Charles II of Inner Austria had 20,000 Protestant books burned in the square of what is now an insane asylum, and succeeded in returning Styria to the authority of Rome. Nikola Tesla studied electrical engineering at the Politechnic in Graz in 1875. Nobel Laureate Otto Loewi taught at the university from 1909 until 1938. Erwin Schrödinger was briefly chancellor of the University of Graz in 1936. Soon thereafter, there was a small concentration camp nearby, a sub-camp of Mauthausen, and Schrödinger had fled.
The name Graz is derived from the Slovenian word for castle, grad; gradec, pronounced gradets, means "small castle". Graz was built around the Schlossberg. The first mention of it under its present name is in a document of A.D. 881, after which its stronghold became the residence of the rulers of the surrounding district, known later as Styria. The privileges of its ancient charter were confirmed by the Habsburg Rudolph I in 1281. With a strategic situation at the head of the open and fertile valley of the Mur, Graz was often assaulted (unsuccessfully): by Hungarians under Matthias Corvinus in 1481, and by the Ottoman Turks in 1529 and 1532.
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This city is also known as: Graz.
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