Haifa travel guide — Haifa tourism and travel information

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Haifa travel guide

about Haifa

Haifa (Hebrew alphabet חיפה, Standard Hebrew Ḥefa, Tiberian Hebrew Ḥêp̄āh; Arabic حيفاḤayfā) is the third largest city in Israel, with a population close to 300,000. Areas and towns around it are deemed to be in the Haifa District, of which it is also a part. It is a seaport, located below and on Mount Carmel, and lies on the Mediterranean coast.

Haifa history

Haifa is first mentioned in written records (including the Talmud) around 3rd century AD, as a small Jewish town near Shikmona, the main town in the area at that time. It had been under Byzantine rule until the 7th century, when it was conquered first by the Persians, then by the Arabs. In 1100, it was conquered again by the crusaders, after a fierce battle with its Jewish inhabitants. It then became part of the Principality of Galilee. The town was taken again by the muslim Mameluks in 1265, and was ruined and mostly abandonned until the 17th century.

In 1761 Daher El-Omar, Bedouin ruler of Acre and Galilee, destroyed and rebuilt the town in a new location, surrounding it with a thin wall. This event is marked by many as the beginning of the town's modern era. After El-Omar's death in 1775, the town remained mostly under Ottoman rule until 1918, except for two brief periods: in 1799, Napoleon Bonaparte conquered Haifa as part of his brief and failed campaign to conquer Palestine and Syria, but withdrew the same year; and between 1831 and 1840, the town had been under the rule of the Egyptian viceroy Mehemet Ali, after having been conquered by his son Ibrahim Pasha. In the years following the Egyptian occupation, the town saw rise in traffic, population and importance, while Acre was declining due to the damages it suffered in a succession of battles and wars. The town saw another surge of development with the arrival of members of the Templar Society in 1868, who settled in Haifa and built their sturdy houses in the town's "german colony". The Templars greatly contributed to the town's commerce and industry, and played an important role in its stride towards modernization.

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As the major port in British-controlled Palestine, Haifa was a critical objective in the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. It was captured on April 23rd, 1948 by elements of the Israeli Carmeli Brigade, resulting in the flight of about 60,000 Palestinian Arabs. Today, Haifa is a thriving and diverse cultural and ethnic center, home to Jews, Arabs, and Druze, and marked for its high level of coexistence.

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This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Haifa".

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