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The city of Stavanger (also the name of the municipality) in the county of Rogaland, Norway, is located on the southwest coast of Norway. It is the fourth largest city in the country.
The city itself is an odd combination of new and old. There is a significant foreign influence with a nearby NATO base, as well as foreign oil interests. Norway's oldest Cathedral, Stavanger domkirke, is situated right in the city centre. Stavanger has several beautiful lakes, which are popular recreation areas. Breiavatnet is located in the heart of Stavanger, while Mosvatnet and Stokkavatnet is situated right outside.
Stavanger, together with Sandnes and the the county of Rogaland, is named the European Cultural Capital for 2008.
Stavanger Airport is located 14 km from the city centre, in the municipality of Sola. The local football team, Viking F.K., plays in the Norwegian premier league (2004).
Stavanger (Old Norse Stafangr which means Staff-fjord) was founded in the year 1125, mainly because the Stavanger bishop was established in the 1120s. But even before that time Stavanger fulfilled an important urban role. A number of historians have argued convincingly that Nord-Jæren was an economic and military centre as far back as the 800-900s with the consolidation of the nation at Hafrsfjord. Stavanger grew into a centre of civic administration and an important south-west coast market town around 1100-1200.
The city's history is a continuous alternation between upswings and recessions. The city is deeply rooted in religion and Christian life, and for long periods of time its most important industries have been shipping, shipbuilding, the canning industry and associated subcontractors.
In 1969 a new upswing started as oil was first discovered in the North Sea. In 2003 Norway was the world`s third largest exporter of crude oil, only surpassed by Saudi-Arabia and Russia. Oil and gas production in 2003 was a very important part of norwegian economy. Petroleum activities contributed to large revenues both for the norwegian government and for the licence owners. The activities also creates considerable effects through the demand for goods and services from other landbased business sectors such as mechanical industry and engineering. The petroleum sector in 2003 contributed to 18,8 % of GNP, 45,9 % of total norwegian export value, 24,9 % of total state income and 24,6 % of total investmens.
Since petroleum exploration and production became the most important business sector in the Stavanger area during the mid 1970ies, business and cultural climate has changed considerably. The self-esteem of Stavanger people has been strongly reinforced and there is a considerable amount of entrepreneur spirit. There is a powerful conciousness of the area`s large contribution to GNP. The petroleum sector is strongly globalised and it can be argued that the Stavanger area is one of the (if not the most) dynamic and receptive regions in Norway both in terms of business and culture.
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This city is also known as: Stavanger.
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